Ngokuthuthuka kwabantu kanye nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi, izidingo zabantu zendwangu azizona nje izinto ezilula, kodwa futhi zinaka kakhulu ukuphepha nempilo yabo, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo eluhlaza kanye nemvelo yemvelo. Namuhla, lapho abantu bekhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwemvelo nokuluhlaza, ukuphepha kwezindwangu sekudonse ukunaka kwabantu abaningi. Umbuzo wokuthi ngabe izindwangu ziyingozi yini emzimbeni womuntu usuphenduke enye yezindawo ezibalulekile abantu abazinaka ngaphezu kwemithi nokudla.
I-textile ibhekisela ku-fiber yemvelo kanye nemicu yamakhemikhali njengezisetshenziswa zokusetshenziswa, ngokuphotha, ukuluka, ukudaya nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula noma ukuthunga, inhlanganisela nobunye ubuchwepheshe kanye nokwenziwe ngemikhiqizo. Kubandakanya izindwangu zokugqoka, izindwangu zokuhlobisa, izindwangu zezimboni.
Izingubo zokugqoka zihlanganisa:(1) zonke izinhlobo zezingubo; (2) zonke izinhlobo zezindwangu zendwangu ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izingubo; (3) i-lining, i-padding, ukugcwalisa, intambo yokuhlobisa, intambo yokuthunga nezinye izesekeli zendwangu.
Izindwangu zokuhlobisa zihlanganisa:(1) izinto zasendlini – amakhethini (amakhethini, ikhethini), izindwangu zetafula (amanabukeni, indwangu yetafula), izindwangu zefenisha ( usofa wobuciko bendwangu, ikhava yefenisha), umhlobiso wangaphakathi (imihlobiso yombhede, okhaphethi); (2) Izingubo zokulala (umbhede, isembozo sequilt, umcamelo, ithawula lomcamelo, njll.); (3) Izinto zangaphandle (amatende, izambulela, njll.).
I .Ukuphepha kokusebenza kwezindwangu
(1) Izidingo zokuklama ukuphepha kokubukeka komkhiqizo. Izinkomba eziyinhloko yilezi:
1.Ukuzinza kwe-Dimensional: kuhlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izinga lokushintsha kobukhulu bokuhlanza okomile kanye nezinga lokushintsha kwe-dimensional lokugeza. Isho izinga lokushintsha kobukhulu bendwangu ngemva kokugeza noma ukuhlanza okomile bese ukomiswa. Izinga lokuzinza lithinta ngqo ukusebenza kwezindleko zezindwangu kanye nomphumela wokugqoka wezingubo.
2. Amandla okucwecwa kolwelwesi olunamathelayo: kumasudi, amajazi namahembe, indwangu imbozwe ungqimba lwe-adhesive lining noma i-adhesive lining eyalukiweyo, ukuze indwangu ibe nokuqina okuhambisanayo kanye nokuqina, kuyilapho kwenza abathengi kungabi lula ukuguquguquka nokuphuma. yokuma ohlelweni lokugqoka, ukudlala indima "ye-skeleton" yengubo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka futhi ukugcina amandla okunamathela phakathi kwe-adhesive lining kanye nendwangu ngemuva kokugqoka nokugeza.
3.Pilling: Pilling isho izinga lokupiliswa kwendwangu ngemva kokungqubuzana. Ukubonakala kwendwangu kuba kubi kakhulu ngemva kokupilisi, okuthinta ngokuqondile ubuhle bobuhle.
4.Ukushelela komthungo noma ukushelela kwentambo: ukushelela okuphezulu kwentambo kude nomthungo womunwe lapho umthungo womunwe ucindezelwa futhi weluliwe. Ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kuzinga lokuqhekeka kwe-slime kwemithungo eyinhloko yemikhiqizo yezingubo njengomthungo wemikhono, umthungo we-armhole, umthungo oseceleni kanye nomthungo wangemuva. Idigri ye-slippage ayikwazanga ukufinyelela inkomba evamile, ebonisa ukucushwa okungalungile kwe-warp nentambo ye-weft ku-lining material kanye nokuqina okuncane, okuthinta ngokuqondile ukubukeka kokugqoka ngisho nokungakwazi ukugqokwa.
5.Ukugqekeza, ukuklebhuka noma ukugqekeza, amandla okuphuka: amandla aphukayo aqondise indwangu ukuze ithwale amandla amakhulu okuphuka; Amandla okudabula abhekise kwindwangu elukiwe into, ihuku, ukugqashuka kwengcindezi yendawo kanye nokwakheka kokuqhekeka, intambo noma indwangu yokubamba kwendawo, ukuze indwangu idabuke kabili, futhi ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukudabuka: ukuqhuma, ukuqhuma kwendwangu yesikhombi izingxenye zabiza ukwanda nokuqhuma okwenzekayo, lezi zinkomba azifanelekile, zithinta ngokuqondile umphumela wokusetshenziswa nokuphila kwesevisi.
6.Okuqukethwe kwe-fiber: kusho ukwakheka kwefayibha kanye nenani eliqukethwe kundwangu. Okuqukethwe kwefiber kuwulwazi olubalulekile oluyisithenjwa oluyala umthengi ukuthi athenge umkhiqizo kanye nesinye sezici ezibalulekile ezinquma inani lomkhiqizo, ezinye zidlula ngamabomu ukuze zithathe izicathulo, ziphase ngomgunyathi, ezinye zimaki ngokungahleliwe, umqondo odidayo, ukukhohlisa umthengi.
7. ukumelana nokugqoka: kubhekisela ezingeni lokumelana kwendwangu ukugqoka, ukugqoka kuyisici esikhulu sokulimala kwendwangu, kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuqina kwendwangu.
8.Izidingo zokuthunga zokubukeka: okuhlanganisa ukukalwa kokucaciswa, ukonakala kwendawo, ukuthunga, uku-ayina, intambo, amabala nokuhluka kombala, njll., ukuhlola ukubukeka ngokubala ukukhubazeka. Ikakhulukazi, izinsana njengeqembu abasengozini, bekulokhu kugxilwe kwethu ukuvikela into, izinsana ezisetshenziswa izindwangu ukuxhumana okuqondile nezidingo zansuku zonke zezingane, ukuphepha kwayo, induduzo, abazali kanye nomphakathi wonke bagxile ekunakeni. Isibonelo, izimfuneko zemikhiqizo enaziphu, ubude bentambo, ubukhulu bekhololo, indawo yokuthunga yelebula yokuqina kophawu lwentengiso, izimfuneko zokuhlobisa, kanye nezimfuneko zengxenye yokuphrinta konke kuhilela ukuphepha.
(2)Izindwangu ezisetshenzisiwe, izesekeli noma ngabe kukhona izinto eziyingozi. Izinkomba eziyinhloko ziyi:
Okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde:
1.I-formaldehyde ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuqedeni inhlaka ye-textile fiber nendwangu ehlanganisiwe kanye nokuphothulwa kwemikhiqizo ethile yezingubo. Inemisebenzi yoku-ayina kwamahhala, i-shrinkproof, i-wrinkle-proof kanye nokususa ukungcola kalula. Izindwangu zokugqoka ezenziwe eziqukethe i-formaldehyde ngokweqile, i-formaldehyde enqubweni yabantu abagqoke izokhishwa kancane kancane, ukuphefumula nokuxhumana kwesikhumba ngomzimba womuntu, i-formaldehyde emzimbeni we-mucous membrane yokuphefumula kanye nesikhumba ikhiqiza ukugqugquzela okukhulu, kubangele izifo ezihlobene futhi kungase kubangele. umdlavuza, ukudla isikhathi eside kokuhlushwa okuphansi kwe-formaldehyde kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ukuncipha kwesisindo, ubuthakathaka, uphawu olunjengokuqwasha, Ubuthi ezinsaneni bubonakaliswa njengesifuba somoya, i-tracheitis, ukungavamile kwe-chromosomal, nokunciphisa ukumelana.
2.PH Inani
Inani elingu-PH liyinkomba evame ukusetshenziswa ebonisa amandla e-asidi ne-alkalinity, ngokuvamile phakathi kwevelu engu-0 ~ 14. Isikhumba somuntu sithwala ungqimba lwe-asidi ebuthakathaka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena kwezifo. Ngakho-ke, izindwangu, ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo ethintana ngqo nesikhumba, inomphumela wokuvikela esikhumbeni uma inani le-pH lingalawulwa ngaphakathi kwebanga lokungathathi hlangothi kuya kwe-asidi ebuthakathaka. Uma kungenjalo, kungacasula isikhumba, kubangele ukulimala kwesikhumba, amagciwane, kanye nezifo.
3.Ukushesha Kombala
Ukushesha kombala kusho ikhono lendwangu edayiwe noma ephrintiwe ukuze igcine umbala wayo wangempela nokucwebezela (noma ukungafihli) ngaphansi kwesenzo sezici ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle phakathi nenqubo yokudaya, ukuphrinta noma ukusetshenziswa. Ukushesha kombala akuhlobene kuphela nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yendwangu, kodwa futhi kuhlobene ngokuqondile nempilo nokuphepha komzimba womuntu. Imikhiqizo yezindwangu, odayi noma ama-pigments anombala ophansi ongasheshanga kalula angadluliselwa esikhumbeni, futhi izinhlanganisela eziyingozi zezinto eziphilayo nama-ion ensimbi esindayo aqukethwe kuwo angamuncwa umzimba womuntu ngesikhumba. Ezimweni ezilula, zingenza abantu balume; ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, zingaholela ku-erythema nama-papules ebusweni besikhumba, futhi zibangele nomdlavuza. Ikakhulukazi, inkomba yokushesha kombala wamathe nokujuluka kwemikhiqizo yezingane ibaluleke kakhulu. Izinsana nezingane zingamunca umbala ngamathe nomjuluko, futhi odayi abayingozi ezindwangu bazodala imiphumela engemihle ezinsaneni nasezinganeni.
4.Iphunga Elingajwayelekile
Izindwangu ezisezingeni eliphansi zivame ukuhambisana nephunga elithile, ukuba khona kwephunga kubonisa ukuthi kunezinsalela zamakhemikhali ezeqile ku-textile, okuyinkomba elula kakhulu abathengi abangayihlulela. Ngemva kokuvula, indwangu ingase igwetshwe njengephunga uma iphunga elilodwa noma ngaphezulu le-petroleum eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, uphalafini, inhlanzi, noma ama-hydrocarbon anephunga elimnandi.
5.Kuvinjelwe i-Azo Dyes
Udayi we-azo ovinjelwe ngokwawo futhi awukho umphumela oqondile we-carcinogenic, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ikakhulukazi ukushesha kombala ompofu, ingxenye yodayi izodluliselwa esikhumbeni somuntu kusuka kwendwangu, ngenqubo ye-metabolism evamile yokuphuma komzimba womuntu. ye-catalysis yezinto eziphilayo ngaphansi kokunciphisa i-amine enamakha, kancane kancane amuncwa umzimba womuntu ngesikhumba, abangele isifo somzimba, ngisho nesakhiwo sokuqala se-DNA singashintsha umzimba womuntu, Idala umdlavuza nokunye.
6.Disperse Dyes
I-allergic dyestuff isho udayi othize ongabangela isikhumba, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila noma ukungezwani nomgudu wokuphefumula womuntu noma wesilwane. Njengamanje, sekutholakale ingqikithi yezinhlobo ezingu-27 zodayi abazwelayo, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ezingu-26 zodayi abahlakazayo kanye nohlobo olulodwa lukadayi we-asidi. Odayi be-Disperse bavame ukusetshenziselwa ukudaya imikhiqizo emsulwa noma ehlanganisiwe ye-polyester, i-polyamide ne-acetate fibers.
7.Okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo
Ukusetshenziswa kodayi abahlanganisa insimbi kuwumthombo obalulekile wezinsimbi ezisindayo ezindwangu kanye nemicu yezitshalo yemvelo ingase futhi imunce izinsimbi ezinzima emhlabathini ongcolile noma emoyeni ngesikhathi sokukhula nenqubo yokucubungula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izesekeli zokugqoka ezifana neziphuphu, izinkinobho nazo zingaqukatha izinto zensimbi ezisindayo zamahhala. Izinsalela zensimbi esindayo ngokwedlulele ezindwangu zizodala ubuthi obukhulayo obubucayi uma bumuncwa umzimba womuntu ngesikhumba.
8.Insalela Yezibulala-zinambuzane
Itholakala ikakhulukazi ku-fibre yemvelo (ukotini) izibulala-zinambuzane, izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ezindwangu ngokuvamile ziyisakhiwo esizinzile, okunzima uku-oxidation, ukubola, ubuthi, obumuncwa umzimba womuntu ngesikhumba ukuze buthelele ukuzinza bukhona ezicutshini zomzimba, kanye nesibindi, izinso, ukunqwabelana kwezicubu zenhliziyo, njengokuphazanyiswa kokukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kokuhlanganiswa emzimbeni. Ukukhishwa, i-metabolism, njll.
9.Ukuvutha kwezindwangu zokugqoka ezijwayelekile
Nakuba kunendlela yokuhlola ukusebenza kokushisa kwezindwangu ezingaphezu kweshumi, kodwa isimiso sokuhlola singahlukaniswa sibe izigaba ezimbili: esokuqala ukuhlola isampula yendwangu ekhanyayo ezindaweni ezihlukene zomoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, iphesenti lobuncane obudingekayo ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukusha. kumagesi axubile, okuqukethwe kwe-oxygen (owaziwa nangokuthi umkhawulo we-oxygen index), kanye nomkhawulo we-oxygen index uthe ukusebenza kokuvutha kwezindwangu.Ngokujwayelekile, ukwehla komkhawulo we-oxygen index, i-textile izoshisa kakhulu. ukubuka nokuhlola iphuzu lelangabi lendwangu bese kwenzeka ukuvutha (okuhlanganisa nokusha kwentuthu).Ngaphansi komgomo wokuhlola, kunezinkomba eziningi ezibonisa ukusebenza kokuvutha kwezindwangu. Kukhona izinkomba zekhwalithi ezichaza izici zokuvutha, njengokuthi isampula sishisiwe, ukuncibilika, i-carbonization, i-pyrolysis, i-shrinkage, i-crimping kanye ne-melt dropping, njll.Kukhona nezinkomba zobuningi ezichaza izici zokuvutha, njengobude bomlilo noma ububanzi ( noma izinga lokusha), isikhathi sokubasa, isikhathi sokuqhubeka, isikhathi sokushunqa, isikhathi sokusabalala kwelangabi, indawo eyonakele kanye nenani lokuchayeka kwelangabi, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-10-2021